The “kick” that occurs immediately after exposure to nicotine is caused in part by the drug’s stimulation of the adrenal gland and resulting discharge of epinephrine (adrenaline). The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body and causes a sudden release of glucose as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration, sand heart rate.
Nicotine also suppresses insulin output from the pancreas, causing smokers to always be slightly hyperglycemic.
Nicotine indirectly causes a release of dopamine in the brain regions that control pleasure and motivation.
Conversely, nicotine can also exert a sedative effect, depending on the smoker’s nervous system arousal and dose of nicotine taken. |
